Does Military Spending Explode External Debt in Pakistan?

External Debt and Domestic Investment in Pakistan: A Cointegration Analysis

The present study explores the impacts of foreign capital inflows in terms of external debt, foreign direct investment and worker’s remittances on domestic investment in Pakistan economy for the period of 1972-2007. Since the study utilizes the time series data of the sample period so augmented Dickey-Fuller unit root test has been employed to find out each of the time series variables to be st...

An Assessment of Pakistan ' s External Debt Sustainability Escaping the Debt Trap

The findings, interpretations and conclusions expressed in this study are those of the authors and should not be attributed in any manner to the Asian Development Bank (ADB) or the countries it represents. The Asian Development Bank encourages use of the material presented herein, with appropriate credit. Foreword ADB and Pakistan have been development partners for almost 35 years. The first lo...

Debt, Delinquencies, and Consumer Spending

Analysts forecasting the course of the U.S. economy pay close attention to consumer spending. Because personal consumption expenditures make up about twothirds of the country’s gross domestic product, factors that could influence consumer spending can have significant effects on the economy’s health. Among these factors, the sharp increase of household indebtedness and the rising share of incom...

Institutional determinants of military spending

Drawing on a database for 1988-2006 containing information on 157 countries, we investigate the effects on military spending of government form, electoral rules, concentration of parliamentary parties, and ideology. From an OLS regression on pooled data, our results show that presidential democracies spend more than parliamentary systems on defense, whereas the presence of a plurality voting sy...

The Politics of Military Spending